Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Forward the Foundation Chapter 15 Free Essays

Part III Dors Venabili VENABILI, DORS-The life of Hari Seldon is very much encrusted with legend and vulnerability, so little expectation survives from ever getting a life story that can be completely verifiable. Maybe the most bewildering part of his life manages his associate, Dors Venabili. There is no data whatever concerning Dors Venabili, with the exception of her introduction to the world on the universe of Cinna, before her landing in Streeling University to turn into an individual from the history staff. We will compose a custom exposition test on Forward the Foundation Chapter 15 or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Not long after that, she met Seldon and remained his associate for twenty-eight years. In the event that anything, her life is more interlarded with legend than Seldon’s is. There are very mind blowing stories of her quality and speed and she was broadly talked about, or maybe murmured of, as â€Å"The Tiger Woman.† Still more bewildering than her coming, in any case, is her going, for after a specific time, we know about her no more and there is no sign with regards to what occurred. Her job as an antiquarian is confirm by her deals with Reference book Galactica 1 Wanda was just about eight years of age presently, passing by Galactic Standard Time - as everybody did. She was an incredible little woman grave in way, with straight light-earthy colored hair. Her eyes were blue however were obscuring and she may well end with the earthy colored eyes of her dad. She stayed there, somewhere out in dreamland. Sixty. That was the number that engrossed her. Granddad would have a birthday and it would have been his sixtieth-and sixty was an enormous number. It disturbed her since yesterday she had an awful dream about it. She went looking for her mom. She would need to inquire. Her mom was not hard to track down. She was conversing with Grandfather-about the birthday most likely. Wanda wavered. It wouldn’t be ideal to solicit in front from Grandfather. Her mom experienced no difficulty whatever detecting Wanda’s dismay. She stated, â€Å"One moment, Hari, and let’s see what’s pestering Wanda. What is it, dear?† Wanda pulled at her hand. â€Å"Not here, Mother. Private.† Manella went to Hari Seldon. â€Å"See how early it begins? Private lives. Private issues. Obviously, Wanda, will we go to your room?† â€Å"Yes, Mother.† Wanda was unmistakably alleviated. Connected at the hip, they went and afterward her mom stated, â€Å"Now what is the issue, Wanda?† â€Å"It’s Grandfather, Mother.† â€Å"Grandfather! I can’t envision him effectively trouble you.† â€Å"Well, he is.† Wanda’s eyes loaded up with abrupt tears. â€Å"Is he going to die?† â€Å"Your granddad? What put that into your head, Wanda?† â€Å"He’s going to be sixty. That’s so old.† â€Å"No, it isn’t. It’s not youthful, yet it’s not old, either. Individuals live to be eighty, ninety, even a hundred-and your granddad is solid and sound. He’ll live a long time.† â€Å"Are you sure?† She was sniffing. Manella got a handle on her little girl by the shoulders and looked at her straight without flinching. â€Å"We should all kick the bucket sometime in the not so distant future, Wanda. I’ve disclosed that to you previously. In any case, we don’t stress over it till the some time or another is much closer.† She cleaned Wanda’s eyes tenderly. â€Å"Grandfather is going to remain alive till you’re altogether grown up and have children of your own. You’ll see. Presently return with me. I need you to converse with Grandfather.† Wanda sniffed once more. Seldon took a gander at the young lady with a thoughtful articulation on her arrival and stated, â€Å"What is it, Wanda? For what reason are you unhappy?† Wanda shook her head. Seldon turned his look to the girl’s mother. â€Å"Well, what is it, Manella?† Manella shook her head. â€Å"She’ll need to let you know herself.† Seldon plunked down and tapped his lap. â€Å"Come, Wanda. Grab a chair and let me know your troubles.† She obeyed and wriggled somewhat, at that point stated, â€Å"I’m scared.† Seldon put his arm around her. â€Å"Nothing to be frightened of in your old grandfather.† Manella grimaced. â€Å"Wrong word.† Seldon gazed toward her. â€Å"Grandfather?† â€Å"No. Old.† That appeared to break the barrier. Wanda burst into tears. â€Å"You’re old, Grandfather.† â€Å"I assume so. I’m sixty.† He bowed his face down to Wanda’s and murmured, â€Å"I don’t like it, either, Wanda. That’s why I’m happy you’re just seven going on eight.† â€Å"Your hair is white, Grandpa.† â€Å"It wasn’t consistently. It simply turned white recently.† â€Å"White hair implies you’re going to kick the bucket, Grandpa.† Seldon looked stunned. He said to Manella, â€Å"What is all this?† â€Å"I don’t know, Hari. It’s her own idea.† â€Å"I had an awful dream,† said Wanda. Seldon made a sound as if to speak. â€Å"We all have awful dreams every so often, Wanda. It’s great we do. Awful dreams dispose of terrible musings and afterward we’re better off.† â€Å"It was about you passing on, Grandfather.† â€Å"I know. I know. Dreams can be tied in with passing on, however that doesn’t make them significant. Take a gander at me. Don’t you perceive how alive I am-and merry and giggling? Do I look as if I’m biting the dust? Tell me.† â€Å"N-no.† â€Å"There you are, at that point. Presently you go out and play and overlook this. I’m simply having a birthday and everybody will make some great memories. Proceed, dear.† Wanda left in sensible cheer, yet Seldon motioned to Manella to remain. 2 Seldon stated, â€Å"Wherever do you think Wanda got such a notion?† â€Å"Come now, Hari. She had a Salvanian gecko that kicked the bucket, recall? One of her companions had a dad who kicked the bucket in a mishap and she sees passings on holovision constantly. It is outlandish for any kid to be so ensured as not to know about death. As a matter of fact I wouldn’t need her to be so secured. Demise is a basic piece of life; she should learn that.† â€Å"I don’t mean demise as a rule, Manella. I mean my passing specifically. What has placed that into her head?† Manella faltered. She was affectionate, without a doubt, of Hari Seldon. She figured, Who might not be, so how might I say this? Yet, how would she be able to not say this? So she stated, â€Å"Hari, you yourself put it into her head.† â€Å"I?† â€Å"Of course, you’ve been representing a long time of turning sixty and grumbling uproariously of developing old. The main explanation individuals are setting up this gathering is to comfort you.† â€Å"It’s no great turning sixty,† said Seldon angrily. â€Å"Wait! Pause! You’ll find out.† â€Å"I will-if I’m fortunate. A few people don’t make it to sixty. In any case, if turning sixty and being old are all you talk about, you wind up terrifying a receptive little girl.† Seldon murmured and looked pained. â€Å"I’m sorry, however it’s hard. Take a gander at my hands. They’re getting spotted and soon they’ll be contorted. I can do practically nothing in the method of Twisting any more. A youngster could presumably compel me to my knees.† â€Å"In what way does that make you unique in relation to other sixty-year-olds? At any rate your mind is functioning as well as could be. How regularly have you said that that’s all that counts?† â€Å"I know. In any case, I miss my body.† Manella said with only a dash of vindictiveness, â€Å"Especially when Dors doesn’t appear to get any older.† Seldon said precariously, â€Å"Well indeed, I assume † He turned away, plainly reluctant to discuss the issue. Manella saw her dad in-law gravely. The difficulty was, he knew nothing about kids or about individuals by and large. It was difficult to feel that he had gone through ten years as First Minister under the old Emperor but then wound up knowing as meager about individuals as he did. Obviously, he was totally enveloped with this psychohistory of his, that managed quadrillions of individuals, which eventually implied managing no individuals by any stretch of the imagination as people. Also, how might he think about youngsters when he had no contact with any kid aside from Raych, who had entered his life as a twelve-year-old? Presently he had Wanda, who was-and would most likely stay to him-an articulate riddle. Manella thought this affectionately. She wanted to shield Hari Seldon from a world he didn't comprehend. It was the main point where she and her relative, Dors Venabili, met and combine this craving to ensure Hari Seldon. Manella had spared Seldon’s life ten years prior. Dors, in her bizarre way, had looked at this as an intrusion of her privilege and had never fully pardoned Manella. Seldon, in his turn, had then spared Manella’s life. She shut her eyes quickly and the entire scene came back to her, nearly just as it were going on to her at the present time. 3 It was seven days after the death of Cleon-and an appalling week it had been. All of Trantor was in mayhem. Hari Seldon still kept his office as First Minister, yet it was clear he had no force. He brought in Manella Dubanqua. â€Å"I need to thank you for sparing Raych’s life and my own. I haven’t got an opportunity to do so yet.† Then with a moan, â€Å"I have hardly gotten an opportunity to do anything this past week.† Manella asked, â€Å"What happened to the distraught gardener?† â€Å"Executed! Without a moment's delay! No preliminary! I attempted to spare him by bringing up that he was crazy. Be that as it may, there was no doubt. On the off chance that he had done whatever else, carried out some other wrongdoing, his franticness would have been perceived and he would have been saved. Submitted bolted up and rewarded however saved, in any case. Be that as it may, to murder the Emperor-† Seldon shook his head s

Monday, August 3, 2020

Product Design

Product Design As the name indicates, the process of creating a new product for sale to customers is known as product design. Thought this definition tends to oversimplify, product design is actually a broad concept which encompasses a systematic generation and development of ideas that eventually leads to the creation of new products. Design experts work on concepts and ideas, eventually turning them into tangible products and inventions.The product design expert works with art, science and technology to create these products. This increasingly complex process is now supported by evolving digital tools and techniques that reduce the involvement of a large team and help visualize a product in great deal before it is created. © Shutterstock.com | Brian A JacksonIn this article, we look at the 1) product design process, 2) product design stages, 3)  product design types, 4) factors affecting  product design, 5) considerations in  product design, and 6) examples of successful  product designs.1. PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESSEvery design team may follow a different process for product design and development. One process, outlined by Koberg and Bagnell, describes how to turn design ideas into products. The process flows from problem identification to brainstorming ideas, prototype creation and eventually creating the product. This is followed up the formal manufacture of the product and a critical evaluation to identify any improvements that may be needed.This method includes three stages. The later two may need to be looked at repeatedly during the process.Analysis At the beginning of the process there needs to be extensive research involving concrete facts and figures. This data then feeds into possible solutions to the problem at hand, and the best way to achieve these solutions. Formally, two stages are involved here:Accept Situation â€" The designers commit to the project and identifying a solution. Available resources are consolidated to reach this goal most efficientlyAnalyze â€" The team now collectively begins research to collect all relevant data to help reach a solution ConceptOnce the problem and potential solutions are narrowed, the final solution is identified and conceptualized in detail. This includes working out adherence to standards and how closely the visualized solution meets identified customer needs. One basic stage here is:Define â€" Here, the team identifies the key issue or issues. Using the problem conditions as objectives and constraints as parameters within which to operate, the team narrows down the informationSynthesisAt this stage, the solutions are turned into ideas and the best ones are highlighted. These ideas of design turn into prototypes on which actual p roducts will be based. This stage can be broken down into 4 steps:Ideate â€" Different ideas and solutions are brainstormed here. The best idea bank is created when there is no bias or judgment towards ideas presentedSelect â€" The ideas brainstormed are narrowed down to a few which can give the best results. Plans for production can now be createdImplement â€" A prototype can now be created and the plan becomes a productEvaluate â€" In the final stage, the prototype should be tested and any tweaks necessary should be made. If the prototype does now perform as anticipated, further ideas may need to be brainstormed. 2. PRODUCT DESIGN STAGESWithin the broad stages mentioned in the previous section, detailed stages can be followed in a systematic manner to design successful products. These stages include:The Design BriefA statement of intent, the design brief states the problem to be addressed. It serves as a starting point from where the design team can orient themselves. By itself ho wever, it does not offer sufficient information with which to begin the actual design process.The Product Design Specification (PDS)A vitally important but often overlooked and misunderstood stage, the PDS document lists the problem in detail. Before working on producing a solution, there needs to be a deep understanding of the actual problem identified. This document should be designed after conversations with the customer and an analysis of the market and competitors. The design team should refer back to it often for correct orientation at later stages.The Concept DesignWith the PDS document as a guide, the design team will now begin to outline a solution. At this stage, the design is largely conceptual, with a framework of key components in place with details to a later stage.   The details included at this stage will depend on the type of product being designed. It is important to understand both upstream and downstream concerns relating to the product at this point. These may i nclude activities such as manufacturing, sales and production costs among other things. This early understanding of the value chain will help eliminate or reduce rework and multiple iterations.In this stage, concept generation and evaluation are both a vital consideration. Multiple concepts, each fulfilling the product requirements previously identified are identified and then evaluated to decide the best way forward.The Concept GenerationAt this point, a design team may involve a larger audience to help brainstorm the details of concepts drawn up in the previous stage. A group that includes various expertise may end up being the most successful in terms of creative ideas and solutions. It is pertinent to encourage all ideas to be voiced as this increases the chances of innovation.The Concept Evaluation With a number of potential concepts in hand, a suitable design now needs to be chosen that fulfills the product design specifications previously generated. This document should serve as a basis for final design decisions. Again, a multi skilled team should be involved here so that all angles of the chosen design can be evaluated. The concept that is closest in solving the problem identified and fulfills the most design requirements will now be developed in detail.The Detailed DesignAt this point, the final concept has been chosen and most obvious kinks have been worked out. The concept is now designed in detail with the necessary dimensions and specifications. At this stage, it may be important to produce one of more prototypes to test the product in close to real scenarios. It becomes vital for the design team to work in close cooperation with other units such as manufacturing and logistics to ensure the practical aspects of production and supply.Eliminating Design IterationsAlthough traditionally sequential, multiple iterations within these stages can be reduced by asking the following questions:Manufacturing â€" Can we make the product at our existing facili ty?Sales â€" Are we able to produce what the customer wants?Purchasing â€" Do we have required parts available or do they need to be ordered?Cost â€" What will the design cost us to make?Transport â€" is the product sized for available transportation methods? Will there be any special transportation needs?Disposal â€" How will the product be disposed of at the end of its life?3. PRODUCT DESIGN TYPESTwo basic categories encompass most product designs. These are:Demand â€" Pull InnovationDemand â€" Pull happens when a product design can directly take advantage of an opportunity in the market. A new design works towards solving an existing design issue. This happens either through a new product or a variation of an existing product.Invention â€" Push InnovationThis innovation occurs with an advancement in technology or intelligence. This is driven through research or a creative new product design.4. FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCT DESIGNCost One major factor that affects product design is th e cost of production including material costs and labor costs. These in turn affect the pricing strategy, which needs to be in line with what the customer is prepared to pay for it.ErgonomicsThe product needs to be user friendly and afford convenience in its function. Using ergonomic measurements, minor or major changes may need to be made to product design to meet essential requirements.MaterialsWhether the requisite materials are available easily is an important consideration in product design. In addition, an eye needs to be kept on new developments in materials and technology.Customer RequirementsOne major and obvious influence on the design on the product is the customer and their requirements. It is vital to capture customer feedback on any prototype as well as during the planning and conceptual stages. Even a technologically advanced and exciting feature may need to be removed if it causes dislike or negative feelings in an end user.Company IdentityThe company’s identity is a point of pride and as a matter of course, a product’s very design or color schemes and features may be determined by this identity. The logo may need to be featured in a specific manner or subtle or overt features of the company identity may need to be built into the design.AestheticsThe product may need to appear stylish or of a certain shape. This form may end up determining the technology that it built into the product. This may in turn also affect the manufacturing process that needs to be followed.FashionThe current fashion and trends may also affect a certain product’s design. Customers will want the most updated options and this needs to be considered during product design.CultureIf a product is for a certain market with its own individual culture, this needs to be kept in mind during product design. A product acceptable in one culture may end up being offensive or not desirable in another one.FunctionsHow many problems is the product trying to solve? The number of use s and functions a product has will impact its design.EnvironmentAnother consideration to product design is its impact on the environment. The average customer these days may be more discerning and concerned about the environment than before. Things to consider here may include whether the materials used are recyclable, how the product will be disposed of at the end of its life or how the packaging can be disposed of.5. CONSIDERATION IN PRODUCT DESIGNProduct design is a complex process, since all the relevant stakeholders have different requirements from the product. An example of conflicting needs that will require attention during product design are:Economic ViabilityThe manufacturer will want the product to be created at the lowest cost possible, in order to maximize profit and ensure sales. A prohibitively expensive product will have higher price tag and may drive away customers. Often, this may mean a product redesign or a compromise on quality.Price, Appearance, and Prestige Va lueThe customer will always want a well presented product with a functional yet aesthetically appealing design. They will also want it to be priced reasonably. The appearance may not always be vital to function, but if there are multiple nearly similar products in the market, the look of the product may become the deciding factor.FunctionalityThere needs to be equal focus on the functionality of the product or how well it performs. This is a given as the product foremost needs to perform as it claims to. The end user may purchase for the external appearance. But long term satisfaction and repeat usage will only occur if the product performs at an optimal levelMaintenanceProduct designers, manufacturers and maintenance workers may all favor a modular construction for a product. The more easily different parts can be worked on individually, the more versatility the product offers. A re-design effort may only need to focus on changing certain parts rather than the whole, the manufactur er can easily tweak elements without changing entire production processes and maintenance workers may not need to disassemble everything, thereby reducing repair time and effort.6. EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL PRODUCT DESIGNThe Apple iPhoneApple is consistently ranked as one of the most innovative companies in the world. Though not always successful initially, Apple has managed to create unique products with superior designs that have great appeal with end users. The Apple iPhone revolutionized the cell phone market with its innovative features, streamlined design and an entire supporting universe through the app store. Though it was not the pioneer in smart phones, Apple is extremely successful because it created a beautiful product that gives a superior user experience to a consumer.The Porsche CayenneA respected and coveted sports car maker, Porsche entered the SUV market a few years ago. The sports utility vehicle is thought to be boring and the category has broad generic definitions of utilitarian. Porsche, through the Cayenne, endeavored to bring together the rational and the emotional. Through focused product design, the company managed to build an SUV that has all the necessary features of this category of car but with the driving experience of any other Porsche car. This resulted in successful sales and made this car a breakthrough product into a new market for a premium brand.6WunderKinderLaunched by a young, innovative start-up, this company launched a cloud based, cross platform productivity application called Wunderlist in 2010. It is now one of the most popular apps of its kind and boasts millions of users. It successfully launched across five different platforms in a brief span of time. Data is seamlessly updated across multiple devices and the design is simple but effectiveWhen designing a new product or re-designing an existing, it is pertinent for the company to clearly identify what problem it is attempting to solve through this new product. It is vital to involve a multi skilled team in order to ensure a critical view of all ideas and in fact to offer a wider and more innovative pool of ideas to choose from. It is also very important to consider the customer and their requirements and desires from the very beginning of the product till the very end. It is also a good idea to not get emotionally attached to a design. This can make the team lose focus of what is to be done in order to create and successful and lasting product. Instead, a critical and analytical view of the process should be taken, with any changes that are necessary being made.With this approach and mindset, creating successful product designs will become a more systematic process and the resulting products will leave a long term impact on the consumers.Read more about the overall process of Product Development here: Product Development â€" An Overview: From Idea To Product